319 research outputs found
Resource request dispatch in standalone and federated MEC systems: a matching game approach
This paper has been presented at : IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.
15-19 April 2019 Marrakech, MoroccoMulti-access edge computing (MEC) system con-sisting of geographically-distributed heterogeneous servers can provide low-latency virtualized resource to support computation offloading of smart devices. When bulk offloading requests comes to an MEC system, how to dispatch requests to servers so as to maximize divergent objectives of MEC service providers and users is challenging. The problem further involves money transfer when different MEC service providers can share resource to each other. In this paper, we address request dispatch issues in a standalone MEC and among federated MEC systems using matching game theory. We have adapted several classical matching algorithms to our problem. Simulation results show that we can serve more requests while still meeting latency constraints. For federated MEC systems, we can also have high revenue.This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under grant numbers 106-2221-E-009-004 and by the H2020 collaborative Europe/Taiwan research project 5G-CORAL (grant number 761586)
Profit Maximization by Forming Federations of Geo-Distributed MEC Platforms
This paper has been presented at: Seventh International Workshop on Cloud Technologies and Energy Efficiency in Mobile Communication Networks (CLEEN 2019). How cloudy and green will mobile network and services be? 15 April 2019 - Marrakech, MoroccoIn press / En prensaMulti-access edge computing (MEC) as an emerging
technology which provides cloud service in the edge of multi-radio
access networks aims to reduce the service latency experienced
by end devices. When individual MEC systems do not have
adequate resource capacity to fulfill service requests, forming
MEC federations for resource sharing could provide economic
incentive to MEC operators. To this end, we need to maximize
social welfare in each federation, which involves efficient federation
structure generations, federation profit maximization by
resource provisioning configuration, and fair profit distribution
among participants. We model the problem as a coalition game
with difference from prior work in the assumption of latency
and locality constraints and also in the consideration of various
service policies/demand preferences. Simulation results show that
the proposed approach always increases profits. If local requests
are served with local resource with priority, federation improves
profits without sacrificing request acceptance rates.This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under grant numbers 106-2221-E-009-004 and by the H2020 collaborative Europe/Taiwan
research project 5G-CORAL (grant number 761586)
A novel strategy for sibship determination in trio sibling model
Aim To use a virtually simulated population, generated
from published allele frequencies based on 15 short tandem
repeats (STR), to evaluate the efficacy of trio sibship
testing and sibling assignment for forensic purposes.
Methods Virtual populations were generated using 15 STR
loci to create a large number of related and unrelated genotypes
(10 000 trio combinations). Using these virtual populations,
the probability of related and unrelated profiles
can be compared to determine the chance of inclusions
of being siblings if they are true siblings and the chance of
inclusion if they are unrelated. Two specific relationships
were tested – two reference siblings were compared to a
third true sibling (3S trio, sibling trio) and two reference siblings
were compared to an unrelated individual (2S1U trio,
non-sibling trio).
Results When the likelihood ratio was greater than 1,
99.87% of siblings in the 3S trio population were considered
as siblings (sensitivity); 99.88% of non-siblings in the
2S1U trio population were considered as non-siblings
(specificity); 99.9% of both populations were identified correctly
as siblings and non-siblings; and the accuracy of the
test was 99.88%.
Conclusions The high sensitivity and specificity figures
when using two known siblings compared to a putative
sibling are significantly greater than when using only one
known relative. The data also support the use of increasing
number of loci allowing for greater confidence in genetic
identification. The system established in this study could
be used as the model for evaluating and simulating the
cases with multiple relatives
The risk of false inclusion of a relative in parentage testing – an in silico population study
Aim To investigate the potential of false inclusion of a
close genetic relative in paternity testing by using computer
generated families.
Methods 10 000 computer-simulated families over three
generations were generated based on genotypes using 15
short tandem repeat loci. These data were used in assessing
the probability of inclusion or exclusion of paternity
when the father is actually a sibling, grandparent, uncle,
half sibling, cousin, or a random male. Further, we considered
a duo case where the mother’s DNA type was not
available and a trio case including the mother’s profile.
Results The data showed that the duo scenario had the
highest and lowest false inclusion rates when considering
a sibling (19.03 ± 0.77%) and a cousin (0.51 ± 0.14%) as
the father, respectively; and the rate when considering a
random male was much lower (0.04 ± 0.04%). The situation
altered slightly with a trio case where the highest rate
(0.56 ± 0.15%) occurred when a paternal uncle was considered
as the father, and the lowest rate (0.03 ± 0.03%) occurred
when a cousin was considered as the father. We also
report on the distribution of the numbers for non-conformity
(non-matching loci) where the father is a close genetic
relative.
Conclusions The results highlight the risk of false inclusion
in parentage testing. These data provide a valuable
reference when incorporating either a mutation in the father’s
DNA type or if a close relative is included as being
the father; particularly when there are varying numbers of
non-matching loci
A novel strategy for sibship determination in trio sibling model
Aim To use a virtually simulated population, generated
from published allele frequencies based on 15 short tandem
repeats (STR), to evaluate the efficacy of trio sibship
testing and sibling assignment for forensic purposes.
Methods Virtual populations were generated using 15 STR
loci to create a large number of related and unrelated genotypes
(10 000 trio combinations). Using these virtual populations,
the probability of related and unrelated profiles
can be compared to determine the chance of inclusions
of being siblings if they are true siblings and the chance of
inclusion if they are unrelated. Two specific relationships
were tested – two reference siblings were compared to a
third true sibling (3S trio, sibling trio) and two reference siblings
were compared to an unrelated individual (2S1U trio,
non-sibling trio).
Results When the likelihood ratio was greater than 1,
99.87% of siblings in the 3S trio population were considered
as siblings (sensitivity); 99.88% of non-siblings in the
2S1U trio population were considered as non-siblings
(specificity); 99.9% of both populations were identified correctly
as siblings and non-siblings; and the accuracy of the
test was 99.88%.
Conclusions The high sensitivity and specificity figures
when using two known siblings compared to a putative
sibling are significantly greater than when using only one
known relative. The data also support the use of increasing
number of loci allowing for greater confidence in genetic
identification. The system established in this study could
be used as the model for evaluating and simulating the
cases with multiple relatives
Opportunities and Challenges of Joint Edge and Fog Orchestration
Pushing contents, applications, and network functions closer to end users is necessary to cope with the huge data volume and low latency required in future 5G networks. Edge and fog frameworks have emerged recently to address this challenge. Whilst the edge framework was more infrastructure focused and more mobile operator-oriented, the fog was more pervasive and included any node (stationary or mobile), including terminal devices. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges to integrate, federate, and jointly orchestrate the edge and fog resources into a unified framework.This work has been partially funded by the H2020 collaborative Europe/Taiwan research project 5G-CORAL (grant num. 761586
The risk of false inclusion of a relative in parentage testing - an in silico population study FORENSIC SCIENCE
Aim To investigate the potential of false inclusion of a close genetic relative in paternity testing by using computer generated families. Methods 10 000 computer-simulated families over three generations were generated based on genotypes using 15 short tandem repeat loci. These data were used in assessing the probability of inclusion or exclusion of paternity when the father is actually a sibling, grandparent, uncle, half sibling, cousin, or a random male. Further, we considered a duo case where the mother's DNA type was not available and a trio case including the mother's profile. Results The data showed that the duo scenario had the highest and lowest false inclusion rates when considering a sibling (19.03 ± 0.77%) and a cousin (0.51 ± 0.14%) as the father, respectively; and the rate when considering a random male was much lower (0.04 ± 0.04%). The situation altered slightly with a trio case where the highest rate (0.56 ± 0.15%) occurred when a paternal uncle was considered as the father, and the lowest rate (0.03 ± 0.03%) occurred when a cousin was considered as the father. We also report on the distribution of the numbers for non-conformity (non-matching loci) where the father is a close genetic relative. Conclusions The results highlight the risk of false inclusion in parentage testing. These data provide a valuable reference when incorporating either a mutation in the father's DNA type or if a close relative is included as being the father; particularly when there are varying numbers of non-matching loci
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Directly Phosphorylates and Destabilizes Hedgehog Pathway Transcription Factor GLI1 in Medulloblastoma
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates cell differen- tiation and proliferation during development by controlling the Gli transcription factors. Cell fate de- cisions and progression toward organ and tissue maturity must be coordinated, and how an energy sensor regulates the Hh pathway is not clear. AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important sensor of energy stores and controls protein synthe- sis and other energy-intensive processes. AMPK is directly responsive to intracellular AMP levels, inhib- iting a wide range of cell activities if ATP is low and AMP is high. Thus, AMPK can affect development by influencing protein synthesis and other processes needed for growth and differentiation. Activation of AMPK reduces GLI1 protein levels and stability, thus blocking Sonic-hedgehog-induced transcrip- tional activity. AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency
Transmission of acute infectious illness among cases of Kawasaki disease and their household members
Background/purposeKawasaki disease (KD) is a disease of unknown cause and the causative agent is most likely to be infectious in nature. To investigate the household transmission pattern of infectious illness and etiology, we thus initiated a prospective case and household study.MethodsWe enrolled KD cases and their household members from February 2004 to September 2008. The KD cases and their household members accepted questionnaire-based interviews of the contact history, signs of infection, and symptoms to check whether clusters of infectious illness occurred.ResultsA total of 142 KD cases and 561 household members were enrolled. Among the 142 KD cases, 136 cases (96%) were typical KD, and six (4%) were atypical KD. Of the 561 household members, 17% were siblings, 46% were parents, 18% were grandparents, and the others were cousins or babysitters. Prior to the onset of their KD illness, 66% (94/142) KD cases had contact with ill household members. On the same day of the onset of KD cases' illness, 4% (6/142) KD cases had household members with illness. After KD cases' disease onset, 70% (100/142) KD cases had at least one other family member with illness. Overall, 61% (343/561) of all the household members had acute infectious illness during KD cases' acute stage, and 92% (130/142) of the families had clusters of infectious illness.ConclusionA total of 66% KD cases had positive contact with ill household members prior to their disease onset and 92% of families had clusters of infectious illness, so KD is strongly associated with infections
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